Nigeria : les coûts de transport réduits de 65% par la gestion automatisée des flux de camions dans les ports
Par Ibrahima DIALLO
23 février 2023 / 08:24

Devant les enjeux de la congestion portuaire, les autorités et les opérateurs des diverses plateformes africaines optent entre autres pour des approches de solution basées sur la technologie.

Le nouveau système de gestion automatisée des mouvements de camions dans les ports du Nigeria a permis de réduire près de 65% les coûts de transport pour les chargeurs, selon les responsables du Trucks Transit Parks (TTP), la société qui gère ce service.

Lancé il y a 2 ans, ce système dénommé Eto, était annoncé comme l’une des solutions de l’autorité portuaire (Nigerian Ports Authority) à la congestion, devenue un réel problème dans les principaux ports du pays, notamment ceux d’Apapa et de Tin Can Island.

« TTP a eu un impact profond sur l’industrie de la logistique et du transport en fournissant des solutions innovantes qui rationalisent le processus de transport des marchandises, réduisent la congestion et améliorent l’efficacité globale des opérations portuaires.

Eto a permis d’améliorer considérablement le délai d’exécution des camions à destination du port, qui est passé d’une moyenne de 2 semaines à seulement 3 jours », a expliqué Jama Onwubuariri, DG de TTP.

Cette technologie a également permis selon lui « de gérer numériquement le mouvement de plus de 1 165 000 camions portuaires et non portuaires » durant les années d’opération.

Si elle permet de rationaliser les flux de camions dans les ports et de réduire les délais d’acheminement, la gestion automatisée ne garantit néanmoins pas à elle seule l’élimination de la congestion et la réduction des coûts dans les proportions évoquées.

La congestion dans les ports nigérians est dûe à de nombreux facteurs qui n’ont pas beaucoup changé depuis quelques années.

Les problèmes de capacité subsistent en effet sur ces plateformes qui tournent déjà à plein régime, la NPA étant toujours en quête de financement pour exécuter les plans de modernisation des infrastructures et d’acquisition de nouveaux équipements de manutention.

Ceci est aggravé par la lenteur dans l’évacuation des marchandises en souffrance et les délais longs des procédures douanières, notamment les fouilles et vérifications qui sont faites pour la plupart de façon manuelle, le programme d’installation des scanners prévus dans tous les ports étant encore en cours.

Pour ce qui est des coûts de transport, ils sont déterminés suivant un ensemble d’éléments qui vont au-delà des pré et post acheminements exécutés dans ce contexte par les camions.

Ces coûts qui intègrent également le taux de fret du transport principal, sont en général influencés par les prix du carburant, élevés depuis peu au Nigeria en raison de la crise économique, ainsi que par d’autres variables liées à l’exploitation des véhicules (pièces de rechange, etc.), la distance parcourue, les obstacles naturels sur l’itinéraire emprunté, etc.

Agence Ecofin

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