La vision du ministre du transport et de la logistique consiste à développer un transport inclusif et durable et une logistique compétitive qui soutient la croissance économique et contribuer à l’amélioration des conditions de vie des citoyens.
Une grande partie des chaînes d’approvisionnement tombe en panne lorsque les cas de Covid repartent à la hausse à Shanghai et que le grand port commercial chinois se retrouve bloqué. Lorsque le conflit en Ukraine prive le monde d’une partie de la production alimentaire et de certains métaux (palladium, rhodium), c’est la même chose. Comme l’a si bien souligné le ministre du transport et de la logistique, Mohammed Abdeljalil, lors de la conférence-débat organisée, le vendredi 27 mai 2022, au siège de la Faculté de Droit de Casablanca, par la fondation universitaire Links « c’est dans ce contexte que des secteurs aussi stratégiques que «le transport et la logistique deviennent des secteurs fortement exposés à l’influence de ces événements internationaux».
Avant d’évoquer les perspectives d’avenir des deux secteurs, le conférencier a d’abords établi un état des lieux des infrastructures routières et urbaines, maritimes et aérienne, et notifié les différentes réformes adoptées par le Royaume dans ces deux domaines stratégiques en termes de développement d’un transport inclusif et durable et de logistique compétitive, pour s’attarder, ensuite, sur le fait que le transport et la logistique sont devenus des secteurs qui doivent faire face à tous les défis. Ces défis portent comme nom: l’accessibilité, la sécurité, la qualité, la dépendance énergétique, les externalités négatives (polluants) et le financement, sans oublier celui de leur vulnérabilité suite à la crise sanitaire du Covid- 19 pour un secteur qui représente 4% du PIB et 38% de la consommation énergétique nationale.
Le Maroc traîne encore une carence de 22% de ses territoires ruraux qui ne sont pas encore accessibles concernant l’accessibilité. Concernant la sécurité, si le transport est un symbole de liberté et de mobilité, ses conséquences peuvent causer de grandes pertes humaines à cause des accidents de circulation. Après avoir mis en œuvre une première stratégie nationale de sécurité routière 2004-2013, qui a réussi à mettre fin à l’augmentation du nombre de tués sur la route, le Maroc est en train de mettre en œuvre une deuxième stratégie pour la période 2017-2026. L’objectif étant de baisser de 50% le nombre des tués sur les routes à l’horizon 2026.
Toutefois, nous explique le ministre, «les résultats sont mitigés pour le moment». Pour M. Abdeljalil, «le défi des cinq prochaines années est d’inverser la tendance des accidents de la route vers la baisse».
En ce qui concerne le défi de la qualité, la dernière étude de satisfaction a été réalisée en 2010.
Jusqu’à aujourd’hui, elle n’a pas été actualisée » a souligné le ministre. Pour le ministre Abdeljalil, la dépendance énergétique consolide la vulnérabilité des secteurs du transport et de la logistique face aux augmentations importantes des prix. Résultat: un fort impact en termes de coût final pour le système productif national. Surtout lorsqu’on sait que le besoin de transport exerce un effet sur l’environnement (dégradations) en termes d’émission des gaz à effet de serre (GES) et en pollution de l’air ambiant .
Développement d’un transport durable
Le financement, est, par ailleurs, l’un des principaux défis auquel sont confrontés les pouvoirs publics pour mettre en place des systèmes de transports accessibles à tous dans le cadre du transport urbain ou interurbain. D’où la nécessité pour le gouvernement de chercher des financements innovants, nous dit le ministre.
Enfin, parmi tous ces défis, celui de la vulnérabilité occupe une place de choix. Également, selon le rapport national 2021 sur la mise en œuvre des ODD élaboré par le HCP, la crise du Covid 19 a eu des conséquences importantes sur les activités du secteur du transport et de la logistique. Ainsi, l’activité du transport des voyageurs a beaucoup souffert des mesures de confinement appliquées par le Royaume. Aussi, la valeur ajoutée du secteur du transport aurait enregistré une chute de 25,8% en 2020 après un accroissement de 6,6% en 2019.
Toutefois, le transport ferroviaire de voyageurs, le transport maritime, le trafic des ports marocains et le transport aérien de passagers ont connu une baisse de trafic et un déficit d’activité significative suite aux effets de la crise sanitaire. Le trafic aérien a fait l’objet d’un recul important durant l’année 2020 (-71,47%) en comparaison avec l’année 2019. Pour le secteur de la logistique, le rapport du HCP appelle à dominer les effets de cette crise en s’intégrant plus dans les nouvelles tendances mondiales de la chaine d’approvisionnement et de s’inscrire dans le processus de la logistique intelligente qui se base sur la digitalisation des opérations pour améliorer la performance logistique domestique et internationale.
En pointant le retard de la stratégie logistique, approuvée il y a une dizaine d’années, et au-delà de tous ces défis, le ministre Abdeljalil n’a pas manqué, enfin, de souligner que le gouvernement fait tout pour accélérer sa mise en œuvre, notamment la partie plateforme logistique.
«Nous essayons de faire avancer les plateformes logistiques à Agadir, Fès, Marrakech, Casablanca et Kénitra, tout en maintenant la mise à niveau du secteur en rapport avec les acteurs, surtout dans les aspects liés à la normalisation, au développement des compétences à et à l’optimisation des chaines», a-t-il précisé avec force.
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