Après des semaines de négociations, l’accord, qui a instauré des couloirs maritimes sécurisés à partir des ports ukrainiens d’Odessa, Pivdenny et Tchernomorsk pour permettre le transit sécurisé de céréales et denrées agricoles par la mer Noire a été prolongé de 120 jours, a annoncé jeudi le ministre ukrainien des Infrastructures.
Après avoir longtemps entretenu le doute sur ses intentions après l’expiration (18 novembre) de l’accord signé le 22 juillet, sous l’égide de l’ONU, entre les parties belligérantes pour permettre le transit sécurisé en mer Noire des céréales et denrées agricoles, après être momentanément sorti du jeu, Moscou a signé pour que la « black sea grain initiative » soit prolongée de 120 jours de plus.
L’annonce a été faite sur les réseaux sociaux par le ministre ukrainien des Infrastructures, Oleksandre Koubrakov. La Turquie a confirmé ensuite la reconduite de l’accord « dans les mêmes conditions » que celles mises en oeuvre depuis le mois de juillet, a annoncé un haut responsable à l’AFP. De son côté, le secrétaire général de l’ONU, Antonio Guterres, a salué l’avancée.
Dans un communiqué transmis à l’AFP par le Centre de coordination conjoint (JCC), composé de représentants civils et militaires de toutes les parties prenantes, pour superviser les exportations, le représentant des Nations unies s’est montré « pleinement engagée à lever les obstacles qui entravent les exportations de produits agricoles et engrais de la Fédération de Russie ». Un des arguments que le Kremlin mettait en avant pour éventuellement dénoncer l’accord.
Ralentissement des exportations
En quatre mois, selon le JCC basé à Istanbul, l’accord a permis de sortir plus de 11 Mt de céréales depuis les trois principaux ports céréaliers ukrainiens désignés alors que la guerre, déclenchée par Moscou le 24 février, bloquait quelque 20 Mt de blé et de maïs dans les silos et entrepôts portuaires.
Dans la semaine précédant le terme de l’accord, les exportations ont toutefois bien ralenti. Un peu plus de 526 000 t de céréales ont été expédiées au cours de la semaine du 7 au 13 novembre, le plus faible volume d’exportation hebdomadaire observé depuis la mi-août.
En outre, l’incertitude a également pesé sur la taille des expéditions, car les petits navires ont représenté la majorité, la taille moyenne des cargaisons ayant diminué de 27 % en base hebdomadaire pour atteindre le niveau le plus bas en trois semaines, soit 25 033 t, selon les données du JCC.
61 navires en attente d’inspection
Aussi, le 13 novembre, 61 navires attendaient pour entrer (et 10 pour sortir), après inspection, dans les ports ukrainiens, porteurs d’une capacité à exporter environ 1,5 Mt. Le retard pris dans les inspections a été un autre sujet de mécontentement ces derniers mois.
En ce qui concerne les destinations régionales, l’Europe et l’Asie centrale ont attiré plus de 41 % des expéditions au cours de la semaine, sans changement par rapport à la semaine précédente, tandis que près de 32 % étaient destinés à l’Asie de l’Est et au Pacifique, contre plus de 41 % la semaine précédente, et 26 % au Moyen-Orient et à l’Afrique du Nord, contre moins de 18 % la semaine précédente.
À ce propos aussi, Moscou estime que les termes de la convention ne sont pas respectés à la lettre. Les céréales devaient servir en premier lieu les pays en impérieuse nécessité.
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