L’Office national des chemins de fer (ONCF) émet la première obligation verte pour les infrastructures au Maroc. Le produit de cette transaction servira à financer la dette contractée dans le cadre d’un projet de ligne de train à grande vitesse électrifiée.
Le marché des obligations vertes se développe au Maroc. L’Office national des chemins de fer (ONCF) vient d’ailleurs d’émettre une obligation verte sur le marché des capitaux pour les infrastructures. C’est une première dans le royaume chérifien. L’obligation verte d’une valeur d’un milliard de dirhams (l’équivalent de 95,4 millions d’euros) a été souscrite par plusieurs investisseurs nationaux.
À l’international, la Banque européenne pour la reconstruction et le développement (Berd) a souscrit à cette opération avec un investissement de 200 millions de dirhams, l’équivalent de 19,2 millions d’euros. Dans le cadre de cette opération, l’ONCF a été accompagné par CDG Capital, une banque basée à Rabat au Maroc.
Cette obligation « sera alignée sur les critères de transport terrestre à faible émission de carbone du Climate Bonds Standard, vérifiés par une seconde partie et certifiés par le Climate Bonds Standard Board. Elle bénéficiera également d’une garantie du fournisseur public Tamwilcom », indique la Berd.
La première ligne de TGV électrifié du Maroc
L’ONCF s’appuiera sur le produit de cette opération pour refinancer la dette contractée pour la construction de la première ligne à grande vitesse du Maroc avec une vitesse maximale de 320 km/h. Le train baptisé Al Boraq relie Tanger et Casablanca, avec des gares implantées à Larache, Kenitra et Rabat.
La ligne ferroviaire à grande vitesse électrifiée pour le transport de passagers réduit le temps de trajet entre les grands centres économiques de Tanger et de Casablanca.
Selon la Berd, la ligne « favorise un transfert modal des alternatives plus intensives en carbone (transport routier et aérien) vers le transport ferroviaire électrifié plus respectueux de l’environnement, et permettra une plus grande intégration économique de ces deux villes clés, soutenant le développement du secteur privé et la croissance économique ».
C’est d’ailleurs l’une des raisons pour lesquelles l’ONCF met en œuvre un projet visant à construire la seconde ligne pour relier les villes de Marrakech et Agadir.
Le soutien de plusieurs partenaires au développement
La ligne Casablanca-Tanger ouverte depuis 2018 a nécessité un investissement de 20 milliards de dirhams, près de 2 millions d’euros.
L’ONCF a financé ce projet grâce à des prêts accordés par le Fonds arabe pour le développement économique et social (Fades), l’Agence française de développement (AFD), le Fonds saoudien pour le développement (FSD), le Fonds koweïtien pour le développement économique des pays arabes (KFAED) et le Fonds d’Abou Dhabi pour le développement (ADFD).
L’opérateur ferroviaire marocain a formé une coentreprise avec la Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF) pour assurer la maintenance des trains sur une durée de 15 ans. L’opérateur français maitrise bien la technologie d’Alstom qui a fourni les rames de la ligne à grande vitesse.
Jean Marie Takouleu
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