Guerre en Ukraine : réunion à Istanbul sur la reprise des exportations céréalières
Par Ibrahima DIALLO
14 juillet 2022 / 07:39

Des délégations russe et ukrainienne ainsi que des représentants de l’ONU se sont rencontrés le 13 juillet en Turquie pour discuter de la reprise des exportations par la mer Noire de céréales bloquées en raison de la guerre que livre la Russie à l’Ukraine.

Des délégations militaires des ministères turc, russe et ukrainien de la Défense, ainsi qu’une délégation des Nations unies, avaient prévu de s’entretenir le 13 juillet à Istanbul sur la livraison en toute sécurité vers les marchés internationaux des céréales en attente dans les ports ukrainiens, a déclaré le ministre turc de la Défense, Hulusi Akar, le 12 juillet.

Un haut responsable du ministère russe des Affaires étrangères, Piotr Ilitchiov, a quant à lui souligné que son pays avait une liste de requêtes à présenter à l’occasion de cette “nouvelle session de consultations d’experts” à laquelle la délégation de l’ONU assistera, selon lui, en tant qu'”observateur”.

“Nos conditions compréhensibles comprennent la possibilité de contrôler et de fouiller les navires pour éviter la contrebande d’armes et un engagement de Kiev à ne pas organiser de provocations”, a-t-il expliqué.

Selon un diplomate s’exprimant sous couvert d’anonymat, un accord de principe est finalement intervenu pour que la Turquie, avec le soutien de l’ONU, inspecte les navires de commerce, l’Ukraine ayant refusé que la Russie le fasse elle-même. Il inclurait en outre un cessez-le-feu dans la zone par laquelle transiteraient ces unités, d’après la même source.

L’Ukraine, un des principaux exportateurs mondiaux de blé, entre autres denrées agricoles, a vu les exportations de sa production stoppées par l’offensive militaire de Moscou.

20 millions de tonnes bloquées dans les ports du pays

Environ 20 millions de tonnes de céréales provenant de la récolte de l’année dernière sont ainsi bloquées dans les ports ukrainiens sur la mer Noire par des bâtiments de guerre russes, tandis que des mines placées par Kiev posent également problème.

Cette situation a provoqué une envolée des prix sur les marchés mondiaux et la crise alimentaire qui menace les grands clients de l’Ukraine, notamment les pays africains et du Moyen-Orient.

La Russie affirme qu’elle autorisera les navires ukrainiens chargés de produits alimentaires à appareiller si l’Ukraine démine ses ports, ce que cette dernière refuse d’envisager, de crainte d’un assaut amphibie sur des villes telles qu’Odessa.

La Turquie, membre de l’Otan et en bons termes avec les deux belligérants, multiplie les efforts diplomatiques pour tenter de faire reprendre le transport maritime des céréales en mer Noire, se posant en médiatrice.
Des responsables turcs ont assuré disposer de vingt navires marchands qui pourraient être rapidement chargés de céréales ukrainiennes.

Un sommet stratégique à Téhéran

Le président turc Recep Tayyip Erdogan doit de son côté rencontrer son homologue russe Vladimir Poutine le 19 juillet, pour la première fois depuis le début de la guerre.

Tous deux doivent en effet participer à Téhéran à un sommet sur la Syrie avec le président iranien Ebrahim Raïssi et ils auront également un entretien bilatéral très probablement consacré à l’Ukraine, selon le Kremlin.

L’ONU négocie depuis plusieurs semaines avec Moscou, Kiev et Ankara – qui exerce en vertu d’un traité international son autorité sur les deux détroits connectant la mer Noire à la Méditerranée – un accord qui permettrait aux céréales de sortir d’Ukraine en sécurité et aux engrais produits par la Russie de retourner sur le marché international.

L’Ukraine a souligné la semaine dernière que la reconquête de l’île aux Serpents, un îlot de la mer Noire qui était tombé aux mains des Russes, lui avait permis de reprendre le trafic vers la Roumanie voisine, le long du Danube.

Mais ces livraisons ne peuvent représenter qu’une petite partie des 20 à 25 millions de tonnes de céréales qui seraient toujours en Ukraine.

Les négociations sont compliquées par les soupçons croissants selon lesquels la Russie vole et exporte la production des agriculteurs des régions ukrainiennes désormais sous son contrôle.

 

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